rudolf ii, holy roman emperor

Rudolf II (18 July 1552 – 20 January 1612) was Holy Roman Emperor (1576–1612), King of Hungary and Croatia (as Rudolf I, 1572–1608), King of Bohemia (1575–1608/1611) and Archduke of Austria (1576–1608). Rudolf is also the ruler in many of the legends of the Golem of Prague, either because of, or simply adding to, his occult reputation. Rudolf II (July 18, 1552 - January 20, 1612) was King of Hungary (as Rudolf, 1572-1608), King of Bohemia (as Rudolf II, 1575-1608/1611), Archduke of Austria (as Rudolf V, 1576-1608), and Holy Roman Emperor (as Rudolf II, 1576-1612). The collection remaining at Prague was looted during the last year of the Thirty Years War, by Swedish troops who sacked Prague Castle on 26 July 1648, also taking the best of the paintings, many of which later passed to the Orléans Collection after the death of Christina of Sweden. Rudolf condemned his son's act and suggested that he should be imprisoned for the rest of his life. As was customary at the time, the collection was private, but friends of the Emperor, artists, and professional scholars were allowed to study it. The emperor’s mental instability grew worse after 1598, and in 1605 the Habsburg archdukes, long dissatisfied with his political incompetence, compelled him to entrust the conduct of Hungarian affairs to his brother Matthias. So Rudolf prepared to start a new war with the Turks. Rudolf II, Holy Roman emperor from 1576 to 1612. Between 1607 and 1611, de Boodt catalogued the Kunstkammer, and in 1609 he published Gemmarum et Lapidum, one of the finest mineralogical treatises of the 17th century. Rudolf's love of collecting went far beyond paintings and sculptures. He was also patron to some of the best contemporary artists, who mainly produced new works in the Northern Mannerist style, such as Bartholomeus Spranger, Hans von Aachen, Giambologna, Giuseppe Arcimboldo, Aegidius Sadeler, Roelant Savery, and Adrian de Vries, as well as commissioning works from Italians like Veronese. Rudolf II (18 July 1552 – 20 January 1612) was Holy Roman Emperor (1576–1612), King of Hungary and Croatia (as Rudolf I, 1572–1608), King of Bohemia (1575–1608/1611) and Archduke of Austria (1576–1608). When Rudolf was a prince, Nostradamus prepared a horoscope which was dedicated to him as 'Prince and King'. Holy Roman Emperor Rudolf II - 1576-1612. He was more intrigued by occult learning such as astrology and alchemy, which was mainstream in the Renaissance period, and had a wide variety of personal hobbies such as horses, clocks, collecting rarities, and being a patron of the arts. He suffered from periodic bouts of "melancholy" (depression), which was common in the Habsburg line. His ill health and unpopularity prevented him from restraining the religious dissensions that eventually led to the Thirty Years’ War (1618–48). Rudolf II was Holy Roman Emperor, King of Hungary and Croatia, King of Bohemia and Archduke of Austria. A partisan of the Hohenstaufen Holy Roman emperor Frederick II and his son Conrad IV, he Rudolf II (July 18, 1552 - January 20, 1612) was King of Hungary (as Rudolf, 1572-1608), King of Bohemia (as Rudolf II, 1575-1608/1611), Archduke of Austria (as Rudolf V, 1576-1608), and Holy Roman Emperor (as Rudolf II, 1576-1612). Rudolf II (18 July 1552 – 20 January 1612) was Holy Roman Emperor (1576–1612), King of Hungary and Croatia (as Rudolf I, 1572–1608), King of Bohemia (1575–1608/1611) and Archduke of Austria (1576–1608). Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor, the diurnal South-western quadrant, consisting of the 7th, 8th and 9th houses, prevails in your chart: this sector brings about a thirst for communication and sometimes a need to take risks in your dealings with others. Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor. Rudolf II by the grace of God elected Holy Roman Emperor, forever August, King in Germany, of Hungary, Bohemia, Dalmatia, Croatia, Slavonia, etc. 137 relations. Rudolf II (18 July 1552 – 20 January 1612) was Holy Roman Emperor (1576–1612), King of Hungary and Croatia (as Rudolf I, 1572–1608), King of Bohemia (1575–1608/1611) and Archduke of Austria (1576–1608). Rudolf II was Holy Roman Emperor (1576–1612), King of Hungary and Croatia (as Rudolf I, 1572–1608), King of Bohemia (1575–1608/1611) and Archduke of Austria (1576–1608). However, Julius died in 1609 after showing signs of schizophrenia, refusing to bathe, and living in squalor; his death was apparently caused by an ulcer that ruptured. In 1782, the remainder of the collection was sold piecemeal to private parties by Joseph II. Although raised in his uncle's Catholic court in Spain, Rudolf was tolerant of Protestantism and other religions including Judaism. Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor. Relations are a factor of your evolution and your transformation, which you accept serenely. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Rudolf-II-Holy-Roman-emperor, The Metropolitan Museum of Arts - Prague during the Rule of Rudolf II. Rudolf moved the Habsburg capital from Vienna to Prague in 1583. Rudolf II, the king of Hungary and Bohemia, succeeds his father, Maximillian II, after his death, as Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian II (Holy Roman Emperor) , Rudolf II (Holy Roman Emperor) , Year 1576 , October 12 , List of German Monarchs , 1570s , Holy Roman Empire , 16th Century , History of Germany , Deaths , Government , Modern History , Europe , Earth , Solar System , Milky Way 'Roman-German emperor'), was the supreme head of state of the Holy Roman Empire. He was a member of the Habsburg family. Occult sciencesAstrology and alchemy were regarded as mainstream scientific fields in Renaissance Prague, and Rudolf was a firm devotee of both. By 1604 his Hungarian subjects were exhausted by the war and revolted, led by Stephen Bocskay. In addition, Rudolf II employed his polyglot court physician, Anselmus Boetius de Boodt (c. 1550–1632), to curate the collection. Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor. But Matthias rallied support from the disaffected Hungarians and forced Rudolf to cede the crowns of Hungary, Austria, and Moravia to him. He put his primary support behind conciliarists, irenicists, and humanists. Rudolf was angry with his brother's concessions, which he saw as giving away too much in order to further Matthias' hold on power. x 8 in. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. His conflict with the Ottoman Empire was the final cause of his undoing. Rudolf I, first German king of the Habsburg dynasty. Naturalia (minerals and gemstones) were arranged in a 37 cabinet display that had three vaulted chambers in front, each about 5.5 metres wide by 3 metres high and 60 metres long, connected to a main chamber 33 metres long. Corrections? He had little attachment to Protestants either, except as counter-weight to repressive Papal policies. Buy Rudolf II Holy Roman Emperor by Russell Jesse (ISBN: 9785508769574) from Amazon's Book Store. Rudolf II Holy Roman Emperor is famous as perhaps the greatest art collector of his age. Rudolf II (18 July 1552 – 20 January 1612) was Holy Roman Emperor (1576–1612), King of Hungary and Croatia (as Rudolf I, 1572–1608), King of Bohemia (1575–1608/1611) and Archduke of Austria (1576–1608). He patronized natural philosophers such as the botanist Charles de l'Ecluse, and the astronomers Tycho Brahe and Johannes Kepler both attended his court. The eldest surviving son of the emperor Maximilian II and Maria, who was the daughter of the emperor Charles V, Rudolf was crowned king of Hungary in 1572 (as Rudolf) and of Bohemia in 1575 (as Rudolf II). (310 mm x 202 mm) plate size Given by the daughter of compiler William Fleming MD, Mary Elizabeth Stopford (née Fleming), 1931 Reference Collection NPG D25606 During his periods of self-imposed isolation, Rudolf reportedly had affairs with his court chamberlain, Wolfgang von Rumpf, and a series of valets. The Bohemian Protestants then appealed to Matthias for help; Matthias' army then held Rudolf prisoner in his castle in Prague, until 1611, when Rudolf ceded the crown of Bohemia to his brother. Rudolf would remain for the rest of his life reserved, secretive, and largely a homebody who did not like to travel or even partake in the daily affairs of state. One of these, Philip Lang, ruled him for years and was hated by those seeking favour with the emperor. He spared no expense in acquiring great past masterworks, such as those of Dürer and Brueghel. Two years later Rudolf was forced to cede Hungary, Austria, and Moravia to Matthias and to promise him the succession in Bohemia. by Johann Alexander Böner line engraving, late 17th-early 18th century 12 1/4 in. Unwilling to compromise with the Turks, and stubbornly determined that he could unify all of Christendom with a new Crusade, he started a long and indecisive war with the Turks in 1593. It was housed at Prague Castle, where between 1587 and 1605 he built the northern wing to house his growing collections. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree.... Maximilian’s successor as Holy Roman emperor and as archduke of Austria, his son. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. No evidence in support of this single piece of hearsay has ever been discovered. Rudolf died in 1612, nine months after he had been stripped of all effective power by his younger brother, except the empty title of Holy Roman Emperor, to which Matthias was elected five months later. In 1606 they recognized Matthias as their head and as their candidate for Rudolf’s succession. Matthias by 1606 forged a difficult peace with the Hungarian rebels (Peace of Vienna) and the Turks (Peace of Zsitvatorok). Julius lived at ?eský Krumlov when in 1608 he reportedly abused and murdered the daughter of a local barber, who had been living in the castle, and then disfigured her body. He had several illegitimate children with his mistress Catherina Strada. In addition, Rudolf was known to have had a succession of affairs with women, some of whom claimed to have been impregnated by him.