b) 3 Other miscellaneous wastes make up approximately 3 percent of the MSW generated in 2013 (Figure 4). Composition The composition of garbage in India indicates lower organic matter and high ash or dust contents. metals, and electronics, contribute to MSW generation and how they can be recycled. ... C/I, SL) weighted average of the primary material composition. c) 2 into the air in 2013—equivalent to taking over 39 million cars off the road for a year. 10 The average composition of Municipal solid waste is: A 41% organic, 40% inert & 19% recyclable. ... 19 What is called for the process of burning municipal solid waste in a properly designed furnace under suitable temperature and operating conditions? It is recommended that you use an electronic spreadsheet when you do this problem. c) 6 The average waste material utilized in W-t-E process is composed of materials that add up to the calorific value of the waste. SMM practices conserve resources, reduce wastes, slow climate change and minimize the environmental impacts of the materials we use. d) Stop waste generation Bio-medical waste can be effectively managed by the thermal process. municipal solid waste generally comprises food waste, papers, plastics, rubbers, leathers, textiles, and similar matter. here is complete set of 1000+ Multiple Choice Questions and Answers, Prev - Basic Civil Engineering Questions and Answers – Wastewater Management, Next - Basic Civil Engineering Questions and Answers – Sustainable Engineering, Basic Civil Engineering Questions and Answers – Wastewater Management, Basic Civil Engineering Questions and Answers – Sustainable Engineering, Agricultural Engineering Questions and Answers, Engineering Chemistry II Questions and Answers, Mechanical Engineering Questions and Answers, Aeronautical Engineering Questions and Answers, Environmental Biotechnology Questions and Answers, Total Quality Management Questions and Answers, Database Management System Questions and Answers, Environmental Engineering Questions and Answers, Chemical Engineering Questions and Answers, Solid State Chemistry Questions and Answers, Energy & Environment Management Questions and Answers, Basic Electrical Engineering Questions and Answers, Civil Engineering Drawing and Estimates Questions and Answers, Waste Water Engineering Questions and Answers, Hazardous Waste Management Questions and Answers, Basic Civil Engineering Questions and Answers – Various Cycles of Environment. Wood follows at around 6 percent and glass at 5 percent. With rapid population growth and urbanization, annual waste generation is expected to increase by 70% from 2016 levels to 3.40 billion tonnes in 2050. Municipal solid waste management (MSWM) is one of the major environmental problems of Indian cities. The primary aim of this analysis was to provide Each year EPA produces a report called Advancing Sustainable Materials Management: Facts and Figures 2013, formerly called Municipal Solid Waste in the United States: Facts and Figures. B 20% organic, 60% inert & 20% recyclable. The unit weight of the solid waste was 35.85 pcf (5.63 kN/m³) and the moisture content on wet basis is 37.45% on average. The average calorific value of urban MSW is 7.3 MJ/kg (1,751 Kcal/kg) and the average moisture content is 47% (Table 6).It has to be understood that this composition is at the dump and not the composition of the waste generated. This set of Basic Civil Engineering Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Solid Waste Management”. The average composition of Municipal solid waste is: a) 41% organic, 40% inert & 19% recyclable b) 20% organic, 60% inert & 20% recyclable c) 30% organic, 20% inert & 50% recyclable d) 19% organic, 41% inert & 40% recyclable View Answer common wastes and materials, including food and yard wastes, paper, c) 5 d) Solid Waste Rules, 2016 EPA encourages practices that reduce the amount of waste needing to be disposed of, such as waste prevention, a) 41% organic, 40% inert & 19% recyclable c) Integrated Solid Waste Machine See our Sustainable Materials Management web area for relevant information and our S… BACKGROUND AND PROJECT RATIONALE The rapid increase in both the volume and variety of solid and hazardous waste as a result of continuous economic growth, urbanization and industrialization, is a growing problem for both national and local governments around the world. a) Control of waste generation 4 Municipal solid waste generation per capita estimate of World Bank. View Answer, 5. d) International Solid Waste Mechanism c) 9 Municipal Solid Waste (MSW)—more commonly known as trash or garbage—consists of everyday items we use and To practice all areas of Basic Civil Engineering, here is complete set of 1000+ Multiple Choice Questions and Answers. The purpose of the Study was to provide current data on the material composition of the Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) and the disposal rates of MSW within the Metro Vancouver region. MSW typically consists of metals, glass, plastics, paper, wood, organics, mixed categories, and composite products. "Garbage" can also refer specifically to food waste, as in a garbage disposal; the two are sometimes collected separately. Solid waste generation is the common basis for activity data to estimate emissions from solid waste disposal, biological treatment, and incineration and open burning of waste. Collection and Segregation 13 B. c) Propene This section describes the requirements for disposal and combustion of Municipal Solid Waste: Recycling and composting prevented 87.2 million tons of material away from being disposed in 2013, up from 15 3 Per capita municipal solid waste (MSW) generation, a core indicator of environmental pressure, is a useful measure for evaluating the intensity of waste generation over time and comparing the intensities among cities or countries. The Agency uses this information to measure the success of materials management programs across the country and to characterize the national waste stream. Table 1. individual waste generation of 4.40 pounds per person per day (Figure 1 and Figure 2). View Answer, 2. Wastes - Non-Hazardous Waste - Municipal Solid Waste, Advancing Sustainable Materials Management: Facts and Figures. However, bulk densities varied from as high as 540 kg/m3 (Accra, Ghana) to a low of 120 kg/m3 (Kuala Lumpur). Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) Disposal .....9 … Improper management of municipal solid waste (MSW) causes hazards to inhabitants. A questionnaire survey was conducted in the study area to identify the different socioeconomic groups that may affect the solid waste generation rate and composition. Existing Solid Waste Management System 13 A. It includes information on MSW generation, recycling, and disposal. It has been estimated that recyclable content in solid wastes varies from 13 to 20% and combustible material is about 80-85%. In 2013, newspapers/mechanical papers recovery was about 67 percent (5.4 million tons), and about 60 percent of yard trimmings were recovered (Figure 3). It includes information on MSW generation, recycling, and disposal. All Rights Reserved. Sanfoundry Global Education & Learning Series – Basic Civil Engineering. Under which rule of Government, guidelines for solid waste management are followed today? This figure shows graphically that generation of durable goods has increased very gradually over the years. This prevented the release of approximately 186 million metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent a) 5 National Waste Characterization Study - In 2019, ECCC compiled information on the composition of Canada's municipal solid waste. Join our social networks below and stay updated with latest contests, videos, internships and jobs! b) 5 The permeability was 3.48x10⁻³ cm/sec at about 33.88 pcf density. II. Waste Composition Component Wet Weight, lb Percent MC Food Waste 8 70 Paper 28 6.1 Cardboard 8 5 Plastics 9 … Municipal solid waste composition analysis study – Juba, South Sudan 2 1. Municipal solid waste studies in other developing countries, (Fobil et al 2005, Sivapalan et al 2002, Yousuf et al 2007) found the wastes to consist of a high proportion of organic matter with high moisture content. a) Ethane Institutional and Commercial Waste Generation 8 C. Municipal Solid Waste Generation 9 D. Municipal Solid Waste Composition 9 III. While the composition of MSW varies geographically and seasonally, the energy density is low—approximately 10-13 MMBTU/ton(10, 10a)—well below sub-bituminous coal at roughly 17-21 MMBTU/ton. A Landfill. Waste calorific value (LHV) calculation. Around the world, waste generation rates are rising. Figure 8: Average Composition of Waste 2005 Figure 9: Average Composition of Waste 2014 The composition of municipal solid waste in Bangladesh, as per different waste types, and how the composition of waste has changed between 2005 and 2014 is discussed below. c) 3 The composition indicated that the waste is high in Paper and Plastics content but very low in food content. d) 4 b) 2 The world generates 2.01 billion tonnes of municipal solid waste annually, with at least 33 percent of that—extremely conservatively—not managed in an environmentally safe manner. a) International Solid Waste Management These Facts and Figures are current through calendar year 2015. The Chicago Board of Trade (CBOT) Recyclables Exchange is an online exchange, developed with EPA support, that helps develop markets for recyclable commodities, thereby diverting more materials from the waste stream. Biological Treatment of Solid Waste, and in Chapter 5, Incineration and Open Burning of Waste. Learn more about how This comes from our homes, schools, hospitals, and businesses. The average municipal solid waste (MSW) discard rate based on the statewide studies was 1.90 kg MSW person − 1 day − 1, which was within the range of two national estimates: 2.35 and 1.46 kg MSW person − 1 day − 1. Waste is a challenging fuel due to its heterogenous nature, low calorific value, high moisture content and potentially harmful emissions. SMM refers to the use and reuse of materials in the most productive and sustainable ways across their entire life cycle. appliances, paint, and batteries. View Answer, 10. a) True A major fraction of urban MSW in India is organic matter (51%). Organic materials continue to be the largest component of MSW. Calculations to Obtain Average Million Btu Per Ton for Municipal Solid Waste ... Trends in Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) Composition.....7 2. 1. In the European Union, the semantic definition is 'mixed municipal waste,' given waste code 20 03 01 in the European Waste Catalog. As consumers recycle or recover more biogenic waste (such as food waste and yard clippings) and discard more non-biogenic waste (such as plastics and metals), the biogenic portion of municipal solid waste decreases. View Answer, 9. then throw away, such as product packaging, grass clippings, furniture, clothing, bottles, food scraps, newspapers, The WHO has classified the bio-medical waste into ___________ categories. Anaerobic Digestion of Municipal Solid Waste (OFMSW) produce CH 4 from CO 2 and H 2 (hydrogenotrophs) and/or from CH 3 COOH (acetoclastics). Municipal solid waste (MSW) is the stream of garbage collected by sanitation services from homes, businesses, and institutions. Participate in the Sanfoundry Certification contest to get free Certificate of Merit. View Answer, 4. View Answer, 11. c) Disposal The inorganic fraction comprises inert materials, metals, bulky items, containers, etc. d) 2 Paper and paperboard account for 27 percent and yard trimmings and food account for another 28 percent. © 2011-2021 Sanfoundry. How many types of landfills are there? The number of functional components of solid waste management is: Do you know what type of waste you have? recycling, and composting. The average composition of Municipal solid waste is: composition of the MSW. d) 6 a) 3 Solid waste generation rates and composition View Answer, 8. View Answer, 3. Recyclables are 17.5 % of the MSW and the rest 31% is inert waste. Plastics comprise about 13 percent; metals make up 9 percent; and rubber, leather, and textiles account for 9 percent. Advancing Sustainable Materials Management: Facts and Figures 2013. The term ISWM refers to: Household Waste Generation 7 B. It has been estimated that the wastes from olive industry could be converted into low-cost adsorbents at the cost of <$50/ton against $4500/ton for granular-activated carbon. Significant portions of MSW feedstocks are comprised of >75 percent water. Trends in Solid Waste Management. B … The majority of collected Most municipal solid waste (MSW) used to generate electricity contains both biogenic and non-biogenic components. d) 19% organic, 41% inert & 40% recyclable Municipal Solid Waste Generation and Composition 7 A. According to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Environmental Outlook regarding waste, the following represent the composition of the waste sectors in OECD countries: the major waste constituent results from manufacturing at 25% (industrial waste) followed by agricultural at 21%, and then MSW 14%, mining 14%, construction 14% and other minor sources (OECD, … The anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge for biogas production can be … In 2016, the worlds’ cities generated 2.01 billion tonnes of solid waste, amounting to a footprint of 0.74 kilograms per person per day. b) Municipal Solid Waste Rules, 2016 waste generation, average household waste generation and average composition of waste were determined by analysing in the Moratuwa Municipality according to t he results is 0.42 kgs and the average Dominant components in MSW discards were similar between studies. This was was a decrease of 1.64 U.S. dollars compared to the previous year. Understanding your fuel charasteristics is the cornerstone of a successful waste-to-energy project development. d) Ethene b) Methane Chart. a) Municipal Solid Waste Rules, 2000 Using data collected by municipalities and provinces, the report provides a snapshot of what kinds of materials are in the waste sent to landfills in Canada. On average, we recycled and composted 1.51 pounds of our In 2013, Americans generated about 254 million tons of trash and recycled and composted about 87 million tons of this The average cost to landfill municipal solid waste (MSW) in the United States was 53.72 U.S. dollars per ton in 2020. There are __________ ways to treat waste thermally. Context. a) 5 November 25, 2019. b) 4 Each year EPA produces a report called Advancing Sustainable Materials Management: Facts and Figures 2013, formerly called Municipal Solid Waste in the United States: Facts and Figures. Worldwide, waste generated per person per day averages 0.74 kilogram but ranges widely, from 0.11 to 4.54 kilograms. b) 3 EPA/CBOT Partnership. million tons in 1980. b) False Which of the below is not an idea behind solid waste management? EPA began collecting and reporting data on the generation and disposition of waste in the United States more than 30 years ago. Although the waste may originate from a number of sources that View Answer. Municipal Solid Waste With an Average Composition Shown in Table 1. b) Storage and collection A typical composition of municipal solid waste is given below. Transport and Final Disposal 14 (10a-14) •High moisture content. The materials composition of municipal solid waste generation by product category is illustrated in Figure 15 of the 2018 Data Tables. The new name also emphasizes the importance of sustainable materials management (SMM). c) Solid Waste Rules, 2000 View Answer, 6. Municipal solid waste, commonly known as trash or garbage in the United States and rubbish in Britain, is a waste type consisting of everyday items that are discarded by the public. How many major sources of solid waste are there based on their origin? c) 30% organic, 20% inert & 50% recyclable After 30 years of tracking MSW, the report has been expanded to include additional information on source reduction (waste prevention) of MSW, information on historical landfill tipping fees for MSW, and information on construction and demolition debris generation, which is outside of the scope of MSW. b) 20% organic, 60% inert & 20% recyclable d) 6 a) 5 6. View Answer, 7. The calorific values On average, communities with pay-as-you-throw see waste reductions of 15 to 28 percent. material, equivalent to a 34.3 percent recycling rate. "Composition of average daily municipal solid waste (MSW) disposed at landfills in Hong Kong in 2018, by type ." Introduction Resource Futures was contracted by DEFRA to carry out an analysis of the composition of municipal solid waste (MSW) landfilled in the UK. b) Integrated Solid Waste Management Which gas produced in open dumps from the decomposition of biodegradable waste? This waste stream is usually called “refuse derived fuel” – in abbreviation RDF, and is made up of paper, cardboard, plastic, foils, textile and wood. a) 10 Hong Kong EPD. Biodegradability of municipal solid waste June 2012 6 1. d) 4 Municipal waste accounts for only about 10 % of total waste generated when compared with the data reported according to the Waste Statistics Regulation (tab env_wasgen).