In this research, biodiesel samples of different percentages of blend biodiesel (Palestinian biodiesel prepared from waste oil) and petro-diesel were studied. As diesel refractive index (1.4701) is close to the oil (1.4729), biodiesel-diesel and biodiesel-oil blends show similar refractive indexes for equivalent constituent proportions. 3 and refractive index of 1.4541. Estimation of the refractive index of diesel fuel+biodiesel blends Regression equations are presented to estimate the kinematic viscosity, refractive index and flash point of the studied biodiesel and their blends with diesel fossil fuel as a function of the blend composition. Refractive index also varies with wavelength of the light as given by Cauchy's equation: The most general form of Cauchy's equation is = + + + ⋯,where n is the refractive index, λ is the wavelength, A, B, C, etc., are coefficients that can be determined for a material by fitting the equation to measured refractive indices at known wavelengths. INTRODUCTION The actual global warming and rising worldwide environment pollution make increasingly necessary to develop alternative green and renewable energy policies. But the higher Analysis of Empirical Models of Refractive Index for Biodiesel+Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel Blends - written by Beatriz Vasconcelos, Rebecca S. Andrade, Antonio Sanchez published on 2017/02/13 download full article with reference data and citations The produced biodiesel has been characterized by measurements of density, refraction index and viscosity. The refractive index of blends of soybean biodiesel with low sulfur diesel and also with ultra-low sulfur dieselwas determined in the full composition range. 3.2. in biodiesel samples and to measure its concentration. Biodiesel is produced from soybean, corn, olive, canola, almond, grape and peanut oils. The amount of 0.4 wt % NaOH, based on the weight of raw oil, was enough to catalyze the reaction of transesterification effectively. The linear relationship between the biodiesel conversion percentage and refractive index … HPLC analysis for biodiesel. S. Zabala, G. Arzamendi, I. Reyero, L.M. The authors would like to thank Jose Enrique del Rey* for his collaboration in the experimental measurements. Individual triacylglycerols, diacylglycerols, monoacylglycerols and methyl esters of oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids and free fatty acids were separated within 40 min. Gandía. Refractive Index: A drop of the extracted biodiesel oil was placed on the measuring prism and closed with the small cover plate. Adulteration is one of the major abuses along with under-dispensing products to customers. The results showed that the oil has a density of 923.82 Kgm3, refractive index of 1.464, viscosity of 4.5 mm2/s at 40OC, acid value of 1.84 mgKOH/g, saponification value of 189.53 mgKOH/g, flash point of … The density, refractive index, flash point and viscosity of the samples were measured. Abstract— Colloids of vegetable biodiesel with gold nanoparticles were prepared. Measurements were carried out acording to ASTM D1218/12standard at 589 nm with an uncertainty of 2.10−4. The flash points were measured as a function of percentage of biodiesel, A High Performance Liquid Chromatographic system (HPLC Model- LC 20 AT Prominence, Shimadzu, Japan) fitted with Refractive index detector (RID-10A, Shimadzu, Japan) and millennium 32 system software was used to quantify the fatty … The refractive index of diesel fuel+biodiesel blends can be experimentally determined or evaluated based on refractive indices of diesel fuel and biodiesel. Pour Point And Cloud Point: The Cloud and Pour points of the extracted biodiesel were analysed using the Cloud and Pour point apparatus. The aim of this study was to estimate the accuracy of refractive index of diesel fuel +biodiesel blends calculation, using models initially proposed to evaluate the refractive index of a binary liquid mixture. Density is an important biodiesel parameter, with impact on fuel quality. For the biodiesel obtained, in each case, was determined specific gravity, refractive index, moisture and volatile matter, sulfated ash, carbon residue, corrosion to the copper foil and fatty acid profile. The non-linear refractive index of vegetable biodiesel in presence of gold nanoparticles with different concentration (1/5, 3/5, 5/5, 7/5, 8/5 and 10/5 mg/mL) ABSTRACT In our country the commonly used fuel for vehicles is diesel. A higher amount of alcohol in excess provides a higher yield at mild temperature conditions. The refractive index was read through the aperture in % Brix (Ibanga 2014). STUDY OF REFRACTIVE INDEX OF DIESEL WITH. Santos2013_RefractiveIndex_KineticsTransesterification (2) - Free download as PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free. Fuel 121 (2014) 121-157. Gold nanoparticles were prepared by microemulsion method. These features allow determining large amounts of oil in biodiesel and, markedly, suggest the use of the sensor in the conformity assessment of biodiesel-diesel fuel to be commercialized in Brazil. The index of refraction is a constant that can be used as a ratio in the relationship between the angle of incident and the angle of refraction known as Snell's law. Snell's Law is named after Willebrord Snell van Roijen who discovered the relationship but it was René Descartes who … The refractive index of the oil or biodiesel sample was determined according to the AOAC method (977.17) using an Abbe refractometer (NYRL -3—Leica Mark, … Density, refractive index and viscosity as content monitoring tool of acylglycerols and fatty acid methyl esters in the transesterification of soybean oil Luis R. S. Kanda ,* a Carlos I. Yamamoto , a André R. Lopes , a Fernando A. P. Voll , a Marcos L. Corazza a and Fernando Wypych b Analysis of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMES) in blends of biodiesel by HPLC using a refractive index and a UV detector at 238 nm. Both the oil and the biodiesel were characterized using the standard procedures. Predicting density is of high relevance for a correct formulation of an adequate blend of raw materials that optimize the cost of biodiesel fuel production while allowing the produced fuel to meet the required quality standards. After this, the refractive index was determined for three different diesel fuels: commercial diesel, a rapeseed methyl ester biodiesel (RME) and cold start diesel. For this purpose, thirteen samples with different proportions of pure biodiesel and commercial soybean oil were produced. ethanol-biodiesel and n-butanol-biodiesel blends have been obtained from 0.2 to 1.1 THz, with the purpose to correlate their features with the type of base-fuel and alcohol and their concentrations. Global biodiesel market is continuously growing as a consequence of the alternative “Monitoring of the methanolysis reaction for biodiesel production by off-line and on-line refractive index and speed of sound”. ADULTERATION. Analytical Evaluation Using Refractive Index. In the biodiesel fatty acid was 3.8%, iodine value of 90.03 cgI2/g, the peroxide value of 6.46 meq/kg, the density of 0.8603 g/cm3, and the refractive index was 1.4588. In this work, surface tensions, densities, viscosities, and refractive indices of biodiesel +1-hexanol, 4-methyl-2-pentanol, and 2-ethyl-1-butanol have been measured from 288.15 to 338.15 K at 0.1 MPa throughout the whole composition range. Keywords— Biodiesel, Petrodiesel, Density, Refractive index, Modeling I. 5.2.2 Measuring Refractive index of biodiesel ... Biodiesel is a liquid biofuel derived from lipids such as vegetable oils or animal fats reacting with alcohol through industrial processes of esterification and transesterification. biodiesel + n-butanol mixtures, over the entire composition range. FTIR spectroscopic characterization for biodiesel evidenced by the vibration band at 1743.29 cm-1, characteristics of fatty acid methyl esters. This work was carried in the frame of the project "Comprension de la influencia de combustibles no convencionales en el proceso de injeccion y combustion tipo Diesel"; reference TRA2012-36932 with the support of the Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad of the Government … The data cover the temperature range from 293.15 to 323.15 K. Optical properties (refractive index) of biodiesel + n-butanol mixtures are also reported. In all cases, there was a predominance of palmitic, stearic and oleic acids in the waited and discarded oils. The knowledge of the physicochemical properties is important for the formulation of a fuel with The liquid fuel behaviour in the internal combustion engine depends on the properties of the mixture components. were obtained. The obtained results were compared to those ones taken by using 1H NMR and by measuring the refractive index, dynamic viscosity, density and After the application of fast Fourier transforms (FFT), absorption coefficient and refractive index were obtained as a function of the frequency. Consequently, the variation of refractive index, as a function of wavelength in normal grade biodiesel is faster than winter grade palm oil biodiesel, and the thermal diffusivity of winter grade biodiesel is higher than the thermal diffusivity of normal grade biodiesel. The refractometer was calibrated using the standard pure biodiesel (B100) and canola oil from 0 to 100% with an interval of 20%. The validation of this technique was performed by measuring the refractive index of known fluids (n‐decane and n‐hexadecane) and comparing them with literature ones. Viscosity, refractive index, deviation of Viscosity and of refractive index of biodiesel+diesel fuel (or benzene) binary mixtures: Abstract: Diesel fuel+biodiesel blends are currently commercialized as fuel for diesel engines. Calibration of Refractometer. From CONICET Digital, el repositorio institucional del CONICET, un servicio gratuito para acceder a la producción científico-tecnológica de investigadores, becarios y demás personal del CONICET. Due to its high price is commonly practice of the distributors to adulterate it with fuels like kerosene which is cheap. Download this share file about Comparative Evaluation of Thermogravimetric and Refractive Index Techniques in Determining Biodiesel Yield from Eduzhai's vast library of public domain share files.