[15][16] Between 1971 and 2018, Sydney lost a net number of 716,832 people to the rest of Australia[17] but its population has continued to grow, largely due to immigration. The Sydney Mardi Gras has commenced each February since 1979. [269], In 1985 the Federal Government granted 16 banking licences to foreign banks and now 40 of the 43 foreign banks operating in Australia are based in Sydney, including the People's Bank of China, Bank of America, Citigroup, UBS, Mizuho Bank, Bank of China, Banco Santander, Credit Suisse, Standard Chartered, State Street, HSBC, Deutsche Bank, Barclays, Royal Bank of Canada, Société Générale, Royal Bank of Scotland, Sumitomo Mitsui, ING Group, BNP Paribas, and Investec. All the routes were correct at the time of publication, over time access to certain parts of the walk may be subject to change. [312] Sydney's other significant art institution is the Art Gallery of New South Wales which coordinates the coveted Archibald Prize for portraiture. It had a period when it was known as an area of prostitution. [221] Median house prices have increased by an average of 8.6% per annum since 1970. [306] It remains Australia's oldest natural history museum. [220] In contrast, only 25.2% of working residents in the City of Sydney use a car, whilst 15.8% take a train, 13.3% use a bus, and 25.3% walk. The Lower North Shore usually refers to the suburbs adjacent to the harbour such as Neutral Bay, Waverton, Mosman, Cremorne, Cremorne Point, Lavender Bay, Milsons Point, Cammeray, Northbridge, and North Sydney. [25][26] Structured finance was pioneered in Sydney and the city is a leading hub for asset management firms. Events taking place for all the family to enjoy News and Articles. and min. Sydney is divided into local government areas (variously known as cities, councils, municipalities or shires). It was replaced in this role in 1959 by the Reserve Bank of Australia which is also based in Sydney. [246][28] Its gross domestic product was AU$337 billion in 2013, the largest in Australia. [258], Unemployment in the City of Sydney averaged 4.6% for the decade to 2013, much lower than the current rate of unemployment in Western Sydney of 7.3%. [221] Public housing in Sydney is managed by the Government of New South Wales. Maguire, M., 'Atkinson, (Caroline) Louisa Waring', in R. Aitken and M. Looker (eds), Qantas Farewell Flight B747-400 Queen of the Skies - Sydney Final Flight QF747, Globalization and World Cities Research Network, agreed to form the Commonwealth of Australia, Jean-François de Galaup, comte de Lapérouse, Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones, Local government areas of New South Wales, New South Wales Division of Local Government, "3218.0 – Regional Population Growth, Australia, 2018–19", "Greater Sydney: Basic Community Profile", Geographical Names Board of New South Wales, "Complete official list of Sydney suburbs", "3218.0 – Regional Population Growth, Australia, 2016–17: Main Features", "Aboriginal history and the Gadigal people", "Manly Council – Manly Heritage & History", "Census 2016: Migrants make a cosmopolitan country", "The world loves Sydney. NOTE: Safeguarding against the coronavirus is likley to be a part of everyday life for the forseeable future. [102] The average annual temperature of the sea ranges from 18.5 Â°C (65.3 Â°F) in September to 23.7 Â°C (74.7 Â°F) in February. Sydney Football Stadium was completed in 1988 and is used for rugby and soccer matches. [28][259] Western Sydney continues to struggle to create jobs to meet its population growth despite the development of commercial centres like Parramatta. Australians aren't that fussed", "Sydney, Melbourne more expensive than New York, says Living Index", "Sydney retains #10 ranking in Mercer's global quality of living survey", "World's most liveable cities: Vienna's win leaves Sydney and Melbourne in a spin", "Another shot at making city a finance hub", "History of the Library | State Library of New South Wales", "Hyde Park: Plan of Management and Masterplan", "Settlers' history rewritten: go back 30,000 years", Phillip, Arthur (1738–1814) by B. H. Fletcher, "The origin of the smallpox outbreak in Sydney in 1789", "WHO WE ARE: The man who nearly changed everything", "Coffee Palaces in Australia: A Pub with No Beer", "Emerald City rewatched – Melbourne-Sydney rivalry in a screwball dramedy", "Sydney 2000: Closing Ceremony; A Fond Farewell From Australia", "Census of population and housing: selected characteristics for urban centres, Australia", "Green streets: which city has the most trees? [187] Greenway went on to design the Hyde Park Barracks in 1819 and the Georgian style St James's Church in 1824. [95] The Australian Bureau of Statistics describes the summers as "warm [and] sometimes hot", and the winters as "cool", with uniform rainfall throughout the year. [276], The city also received 8.3 million domestic overnight visitors in 2013 who spent a total of $6 billion. [27] Sydney makes up half of Australia's finance sector and has been promoted by consecutive Commonwealth Governments as Asia Pacific's leading financial centre. [265] New private banks opened throughout the 1800s but the financial system was unstable. Batt, K, 1995: Sea breezes on the NSW coast, Offshore Yachting, Oct/Nov 1995, Jamieson Publishing. The Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race is a 1,170-kilometre (727-mile) event that starts from Sydney Harbour on Boxing Day. [404] The 2019–20 Australian bushfire season significantly impacted outer Sydney, and consequently dramatically reduced the air quality of the Sydney metropolitan area leading to a smoky haze that has lingered for many days throughout December. Essential public emergency services are provided and managed by the State Government. [42] The principal language groups were Darug, Guringai, and Dharawal. and min. [176] Prospect Hill, a historically significant ridge in the west and the only area in Sydney with ancient volcanic activity,[177] is also listed on the NSW State Heritage Register. Radio became a popular tool for politics, news, religion, and sport and has managed to survive despite the introduction of television and the Internet. Tasmania separated in 1825, Victoria did so in 1850, and Queensland followed in 1859. 8/16/2001. [365] The City of Sydney is led by an elected Council and Lord Mayor who has in the past been treated as a representative of the entire city.[366]. Greater Sydney is served by: Education became a proper focus for the colony from the 1870s when public schools began to form and schooling became compulsory. During the war, Sydney experienced a surge in industrial development to meet the needs of a wartime economy. [44][60] Sydney's population reached 200,000 by 1871 and during this time the city entered a period of prosperity which was reflected in the construction of grand edifices. [386][387][388] The Light Horse Interchange in western Sydney is the largest in the southern hemisphere. The Wianamatta shale generally comprises fine grained sedimentary rocks such as shales, mudstones, ironstones, siltstones and laminites, with less common sandstone units. [236] The two parks have a total area of 64 hectares (0.2 square miles) with 8,900 individual plant species and receive over 3.5 million annual visits.[237]. The people of Sydney warmly welcomed Queen Elizabeth II in 1954 when the reigning monarch stepped onto Australian soil for the first time to commence her Australian Royal Tour. ", "Feature Article – Ethnic and Cultural Diversity in Australia (Feature Article)", https://quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2016/quickstat/1GSYD?opendocument, http://quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2016/quickstat/UCL101001?opendocument, "Tokyo ranks as the world's safest city for the third time", "Bars, clubs celebrate as Sydney's lockout laws get lifted", "Review: Down in the City by Elizabeth Harrower", "Australian pride is its 'new wave' of films", "Where to party in Australia on New Year's Eve", "Breaking: news and hearts at the Herald", "Major players maintain leading shares in second radio ratings survey of 2010", "Responsible government and colonial development", "List of selective and agricultural high schools", "Sydney is Australia's most valuable location, but public transport is its weakness", "Light Rail Patronage – Monthly Comparison", "CBD and South East Light Rail contract awarded with earlier delivery date", "Transport minister Andrew Constance says new Sydney Metro train line a 'massive city shaping project, "New metro train stations in Sydney could be built in Crows Nest or St Leonards and Artarmon by 2024", "Tony Abbott confirms Badgerys Creek as site of second Sydney airport", "Look who's polluting: Sydney Water's shame", "Air Pollution in Sydney: An Update Briefing Paper", "Sydney smoke haze reaches 11 times the hazardous level", "Sydney smoke: bushfires haze smothers landmarks – in pictures", "Bushfire smoke makes Sydney air quality worse than Delhi", "Sydney fire haze equal to 'smoking 32 cigarettes, "Car dependence in Australian cities: a discussion of causes, environmental impact and possible solutions", "CBDs turning into no-car zones as the great divide grows", "City clears the way on pollution-free car fleet", "Sydney Becomes Australia's First Carbon-Neutral Government Body", "It's official, Sydney is first carbon neutral council", "Building owners applaud city's ambitious master plan", "Sydney businesses cotton on: climate change action is good for the bottom line", "City of Sydney extends solar roll out to historic Rocks", "Sydney Central Park project shows sustainable living", Dictionary of Sydney – the history of Sydney, Understanding Society Through its Records – John Curtin Library, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sydney&oldid=1011175902, Geographic Names Register of NSW different from Wikidata, Articles with dead external links from September 2018, Articles with dead external links from December 2017, Articles with permanently dead external links, Wikipedia pending changes protected pages, Short description is different from Wikidata, All Wikipedia articles written in Australian English, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from May 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2021, Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz area identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Беларуская (тарашкевіца)‎, Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Average max. [160] The project aims to provide reliable and high-capacity tram services to residents in the City and South-East. The park's indigenous sites include petroglyphs, art sites, burial sites, caves, marriage areas, birthing areas, midden sites, and tool manufacturing locations, among others, which are dated to be around 5,000 years old. ", "Showcase destinations Sydney, Australia: the harbour city", https://search.informit.com.au/documentSummary;dn=736896154066797;res=IELENG, "Dry sclerophyll forests (shrub/grass sub-formation)", "Dry sclerophyll forests (shrubby sub-formation)", "Wet sclerophyll forests (grassy sub-formation)", "Sydney's flying foxes now Bundy's problem", "Modelling and simulation of seasonal rainfall", "Climate and the Sydney 2000 Olympic Games", "Sydney smashes temperature records but heatwave nearly over", "Climate statistics for Australian locations", "Penrith hits record temperature of 48.9C as heatwave strikes NSW", "Climate statistics for Australian locations Sydney Airport AMO", "Sydney (Observatory Hill) Period 1991-2020", "Sydney area an 'urban heat island' vulnerable to extreme temperatures", "Urban Heat Island and Overheating Characteristics in Sydney, Australia. [230] There are 15 separate parks under the administration of the City of Sydney. [19][20][21] It is classified as an Alpha Global City by Globalization and World Cities Research Network, indicating its influence in the region and throughout the world. [342] Competing stations include the more popular 2GB, 702 ABC Sydney, KIIS 106.5, Triple M, Nova 96.9, and 2Day FM.[343]. [368] The population of Sydney is now highly educated. [285] With convict transportation it almost tripled in ten years to 2,953. Most of these suburbs measure less than 1 square kilometre (0.4 square miles) in area. A historical annual temperature dataset for Australia. [110] Since Sydney borders the Great Dividing Range, it can occasionally experience dry, westerly Föhn-like winds usually between winter and spring, as it lies on the leeward side of the ranges, thereby elevating fire danger in the region. The city's other prominent theatre companies are New Theatre, Belvoir, and Griffin Theatre Company. The most notable architectural feat of this period is the Harbour Bridge. [27][28] Established in 1850, the University of Sydney was Australia's first university and is regarded as one of the world's leading universities. The Australian government launched a large scale multicultural immigration program. [351], Sydney benefitted from the construction of significant sporting infrastructure in preparation for its hosting of the 2000 Summer Olympics. [400] Patronage declined from 37 million passengers in 1945 to 11 million in 1963 but has recovered somewhat in recent years. The area is serviced by the T1, T2, and T3 railway lines, including the Main Suburban Line; which is the first to be constructed in New South Wales. [225][226] These terraces, particularly those in suburbs such as The Rocks, were historically home to Sydney's miners and labourers. Fernilee Reservoir is just outside Buxton, it is surrounded by a lot of woodland which makes this walk a great adventure, all year round. [235] Under the orders of Macquarie the land to the immediate north of The Domain became the Royal Botanic Garden in 1816. In 2010, 80,000 runners participated which made it the largest run of its kind in the world. [244] These same policies helped to relieve the effects of the Great Depression during which the unemployment rate in New South Wales reached as high as 32%. Britain decided in 1786 to found a new penal outpost in the territory discovered by Cook some 16 years earlier. [42], The earliest British settlers called the natives Eora people. [361], In common with other Australian capital cities, Sydney has no single local government covering its whole area. [195] Barnet also oversaw the 1883 reconstruction of Greenway's Macquarie Lighthouse. MacDonnell, Freda. [390] With a rate of 26.3%, Sydney has the highest utilisation of public transport for travel to work of any Australian capital city.[391]. [154] More than 75% of neighbourhoods in the Electoral District of Wentworth fall under the top decile of SEIFA advantage, making it the least disadvantaged area in the country. In accordance with the Australian Bureau of Statistics source. [371] The Waratahs are a member of the Australian Hockey League. Aust. The region is so named for its characteristically comparatively hilly topography as the Cumberland Plain lifts up, joining the Hornsby Plateau. Our fantasy baseball draft kit — full of rankings, analysis, and predictions you need — is live for 2021! [242] The Global Cities Index recognises it as number fourteen in the world based on global engagement. [384], The motor vehicle, more than any other factor, has determined the pattern of Sydney's urban development since World War II. [244] From the 1960s onwards Parramatta gained recognition as the city's second CBD and finance and tourism became major industries and sources of employment. [370] There are 935 public preschool, primary, and secondary schools in Sydney that are administered by the New South Wales Department of Education. Foreign countries of birth with the greatest representation are Mainland China, England, India, New Zealand, Vietnam and the Philippines. [232], The largest park in the Sydney metropolitan area is Ku-ring-gai Chase National Park, established in 1894 with an area of 15,400 hectares (59 square miles). In addition to Financial Services and Tourism, the Creative and Technology sectors are focus industries for the City of Sydney and represented 9% and 11% of its economic output in 2012. Sydney Airport, officially "Sydney Kingsford-Smith Airport", is located in the inner southern suburb of Mascot with two of the runways going into Botany Bay. Cruise ship terminals are located at Sydney Cove and White Bay. [233] It is regarded for its well-preserved records of indigenous habitation and more than 800 rock engravings, cave drawings and middens have been located in the park. [411][412] Strategies have been implemented to reduce private vehicle pollution by encouraging mass and public transit,[413] initiating the development of high density housing and introducing a fleet of 10 new Nissan LEAF electric cars, the largest order of the pollution-free vehicle in Australia. After World War II, it experienced mass migration and became one of the most multicultural cities in the world. [259], Home ownership in Sydney was less common than renting prior to the Second World War but this trend has since reversed. [159] Main construction was due to be completed in 2018 but was delayed until 2020. The first and only major convict uprising in Australian history suppressed under martial law, the rebellion ended in a battle fought between convicts and the colonial forces of Australia at Rouse Hill. [171] The Boothtown Aqueduct in Greystanes is a 19th-century water bridge that is listed on the New South Wales State Heritage Register as a site of State significance. [181], The earliest structures in the colony were built to the bare minimum of standards. California bungalows are common in Ashfield, Concord, and Beecroft. Researchers from Loughborough University have ranked Sydney amongst the top ten world cities that are highly integrated into the global economy. New industries such as information technology, education, financial services and the arts have risen. The New South Wales Waratahs contest the Super Rugby competition, while the Sydney Rays represent the city in the National Rugby Championship. It serves 175 stations across the city and had an annual ridership of 359 million passenger journeys in 2017–18. I'll Walk With You is an organization collecting supportive videos featuring LDS parents of LGBTQ children and allies. Sydney Trains is the suburban rail service. It has hosted over 2.8 million international visitors in 2013, or nearly half of all international visits to Australia. Upon his appointment, Governor Lachlan Macquarie set ambitious targets for the architectural design of new construction projects. [353] Another act from the British Parliament in 1842 provided for members of the council to be elected for the first time. The terrace style housing has largely been retained and Darlinghurst has undergone significant gentrification since the 1980s. Sydney Cricket Ground was opened in 1878 and is used for both cricket and Australian rules football fixtures.[344]. [101] The highest minimum temperature recorded at Observatory Hill is 27.6 Â°C (82 Â°F), on 6 February 2011, while the lowest maximum temperature is 7.7 Â°C (46 Â°F), recorded on 19 July 1868. [106][107] In late spring and summer, temperatures over 35 Â°C (95 Â°F) are not uncommon,[108] though hot, dry conditions are usually ended by a southerly buster,[109] a powerful southerly that brings gale winds and a rapid fall in temperature. Shillito Woods by Sally Mosley - Credit: Archant. In the early years, drought and disease caused widespread problems, but the situation soon improved. [429] The Botany Swamps Scheme was one of several ventures during the mid 1800s that saw the construction of wells, tunnels, steam pumping stations, and small dams to service Sydney's growing population. [220] 11.8% of mortgagees in 2011 had monthly loan repayments of less than $1,000 and 82.9% had monthly repayments of $1,000 or more. The food situation reached crisis point in 1790. The region now mainly features medium- and high-density housing. He established public works, a bank, churches, and charitable institutions and sought good relations with the Aborigines. Healthcare facilities remained hopelessly inadequate despite the arrival of a prefabricated hospital with the Second Fleet and the construction of brand new hospitals at Parramatta, Windsor, and Liverpool in the 1790s. [164], The greater western suburbs encompasses the areas of Parramatta, the sixth largest business district in Australia, settled the same year as the harbour-side colony,[165] Bankstown, Liverpool, Penrith, and Fairfield. [64], After a period of rapid growth, further discoveries of gold in Victoria began drawing new residents away from Sydney towards Melbourne in the 1850s, which created a historically strong rivalry between Sydney and Melbourne. The 31 local government areas making up Sydney according to the New South Wales Division of Local Government are: Sydney is the location of the secondary official residences of the Governor-General of Australia and the Prime Minister of Australia, Admiralty House and Kirribilli House respectively. In summer, most rain falls from thunderstorms and in winter from cold fronts. Torok, S. and Nicholls, N. 1996. [169] Another prominent park and garden in the west is Central Gardens Nature Reserve in Merrylands West. The National Institute of Dramatic Art is based in Sydney and has several famous alumni such as Mel Gibson, Judy Davis, Baz Luhrmann, Cate Blanchett, Hugo Weaving and Jacqueline Mckenzie.[326]. It's home to ruins, shops, cafes, and more. Sydney is home to nine of the sixteen teams in the National Rugby League competition: Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs, Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks, Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles, Penrith Panthers, Parramatta Eels, South Sydney Rabbitohs, St George Illawarra Dragons, Sydney Roosters, and Wests Tigers. [277] There were 480,000 visitors and 27,500 people staying overnight each day in 2012. [220] Car dependency is an ongoing issue in Sydney–of people that travel to work, 58.4% use a car, 9.1% catch a train, 5.2% take a bus, and 4.1% walk. He's retired for real as of 2012, citing jerry lawler's heart attack as a warning against even a physically-fit man of his age subjecting himself to the rigors of the ring. The Royal Botanic Garden is the most important green space in the Sydney region, hosting both scientific and leisure activities. The City2Surf is an annual 14-kilometre (8.7-mile) running race from the CBD to Bondi Beach and has been held since 1971.
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