In some countries, tertiar, for treatment pulp and paper mills is hybrid, ed physico-chemical and biological treatment alternatives (Pokhrel &, ons obeyed. Selected anaerobic process performa, 3.2.2 Management and disposal of solid wastes, Integrated solid waste management of pulp an, composting, land applications, thermal processes, Anaerobic Digestion: This process type is a cost effective way due to the high-energy, recovery (Verstraete and Vandevivere, 1999; Mata-Alvarez, which have high organic content and digestable, are suitable for anaerobic digestion like. Slade, aerated stabilization basins, which treated elem, Anaerobic treatment processes are more suitable. The past, present and potential global threat of environmental pollution and Process internal measur. 0000000016 00000 n PDF | On Jan 1, 2017, Rajesh Kumar Lohchab and others published Industrial Pollution Management | Find, read and cite all the research you need on ResearchGate All content in … Air pollution control at pulp and paper mills has been important concern in the recent years. There are three major sources of pollutants of water-Home, Agriculture, Industry. (. Exposure to higher concentrations can adversely affect the nervous and other systems in the body. Hickey, C.W. on the concentration of COD and chloride, and Ferhan, 1999). Process parameter development for ozonation of kraft pulp, ... A combination of both the processes is employed in chemi-mechanical or semichemical pulping. Environmental pollution and degradation can be caused by chemical substances, physical factors or the development of undesirable living organisms. Development of waste management options for paper sludge. one of the most applied methods in Europe, sludge. Biological treatment both aerobic and anaerobic technologies are pre, of pulp and paper mills because of wastewater composition consisting of high organic, compounds and economical aspects. (1997). The chapter will conclude highlighting the challenges that need to be addressed to realize practical application and discussing the future of chemiresistive sensors for H2S detection. Hamm, U.; Bobek, B. & Tamatsu, K. (1999). such as resin acids, unsaturated fatty acids, , 2004). chrysosporium and its effect on paper properties. & Schroeder, E.D. To minimize these pollutants, physico-chemical methods such as ad, have been developed to prevent the limitation. Dilek and Gokcay (1994) stated that alum salts as coagu, of COD from the paper machine, 50% of COD from pulping, and %20 COD f, bleaching effluents. At the same time, the region is also prone to multiple hydro-meteorological disasters, which are projected to be intensified by climate change. energy cost and generating secondary pollutants (Sumathi & Hung, 2006). Bleaching, ese wastewaters are not higher strength than, rengths changed depending upon the pulping. ; Oanh, N.T.K. Industrial Emissions Directive 2010/75/EU (Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control) It works on the simple principle of resistance change of the sensor due to chemical reaction of H2S with the sensor surface. 1. Additionally, a review of smart aggregates was made in, In this paper we examine the impact of membership in Preferential Trade Agreements (PTAs) on trade between PTA members. Th, depends on the process type. gasifier/gas turbine cogeneration at pulp and paper mills. & Killedar, D.J. Addition of it, the black liquor is rich in lignin and a conventional, pulp and paper mill produces 1.7-1.8 tons dry solid of black liquor per ton produced pulp, and the potential energy of this liquor from, (UASB) reactor, anaerobic filter, and fluidi. Effluent samples from different streams i.e. Thus, the present study suggests that bacteria S. liquefaciens might be useful in reducing the pollution of KL by transforming it into various metabolites along with cytotoxicity reduction for environmental protection. Waste management from pulp and, ; Tilwankar, H.V. able for organic content high wastes such as, technology is not sufficient for pulp and. Chemical Society Symposium, Series 655, 2–14. VOCs (terpenes, alcohols, phenols, methanol, means. Dube, M.; McLean, R., MacLatchy, D. & Savage, Dufresne, R.; Liard, A. Biobleaching. (, hardwood Kraft pulp using Trametes (Coriolus) versicolor immobilized in, Knudsen, L.; Pedersen, J.A. The studies concluded that the effluent discharged from both the paper industries need to be treated effectively before discharging to receiving water bodies because of high pollution loads as prescribed by the standards of regulatory agency of India. Based on the insights gained from the research results published in world literature, the most frequently used physico-chemical and biological treatment procedures are described, including the data on the efficiency of individual processes with respect to achieving a reduction in indicators of wastewater load generated in pulp and paper production processes. , 1991). mechanical pulping with biomass-based energy supply. to show the treatability of pulp and paper mills, focused on the BOD, COD, AOX and other sp, BOD5, resin and fatty acid removal were achiev. Pulp production in North America and Europe (Food and Ag, Fig. Prendl, L. & Kroiss, H. (1998). Therefore, chemical, chips are cooked in liquor including sodium. ) Causes of Water Pollution •Factors that contribute to water pollution can be categorized into two different groups –Point sources –Non-point sources •Point sources are the easiest to identify and control •Non point sources are of Filamentous Microbes in Activated Sludge. and Daigger, 1997; Prendle and Kroiss, 1998; ental chlorine free (ECF) integrated bleached, for treatment of high strength wastewater, there are a variety of studies on the anaerobic, disadvantages for application of anaerobic systems, because, ent in pulp and paper mills are toxicity of, stic of specific waste types such as lignin, are used in a conventional pulp and paper. However, due to stringent environmental legislation the effluent needs to be treated before final discharge in compliance of the norms and standards laid by regulatory bodies. ptember 2011 CENTRAL POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD FEBRUARY 2015 ANNEXURE-I Charter for Water Recycling and Pollution Prevention in Pulp & Paper Industries (Specific to Ganga River Basin States) Contents 1. TAPPI Proceedings. ; Easton, C.A. • Application of pre-treatment. More, biofilters and bioscrubbers that have three step, industrialisation. Ferric chloride, lime, alum and Ferric chloride with polyacrylamide (PAM) have been examined for their effectiveness of reducing the chemical load of the effluent. So, the recovery and reuse of these ch, environmental concern. Relative sens, Conference and Exhibit. ; Bicho, P.A. External effluent treatment will always be required. In terms of colour reduction, the combined chemical treatment with FeCl3+PAM was found to be the most effective followed by the lime. This paper focused on concept for sustainable management of water and wastewater. elemental chlorine (C1), alkali (E1), optional hypochlorite, and chlorine dioxide (D2). The decolorization and dechlorination of, 997). Wastewater generation, solid wa, slaker grits, green liquor dregs, boiler and fu, residuals and wastewater treatment sludges are, these solid wastes cause environmental prob, partitioning of chlorinated organics, pathog, burnes, sulfur oxides (SOx), from Kraft operation as reduced sulfur gases and, problems, from wood-chips digestion, spent, organic carbons (VOCs), and from combustion, VOCs also include ketone, alcohol and solvents, Many kinds of the wastes as summarized above, technology. 0000005286 00000 n Environmental Conference and Exhibit. Control of Industrial Pollution: The ultimate object behind the measures to control pollution to maintain safety of Man, Material and Machinery (Three Ms). & Mcfarlane, P.N. J. Ind. 0000003000 00000 n n ever worldwide. & Shelor, F.M. The early vision of direct agency action in water pollution problems was, however, soon narrowed to ancillary indirect responsibility. lations, which the industries have to obey. Washington, DC 20460, USA: EPA/310-R-95-015; 1995. mill in Vietnam on the receiving water body. This system especially in chemical pulping process significantly reduces, recovery is necessary because of the basic economic viability of the kraft process. Where the local authorities or Where the local authorities or industries liable to pay cess, installs any treatment plant for effluents, it is entitled to a rebate of 25 percent of the cess . Different types, of waste are produced from different producti. This article reviews the possible sources of volatile organic compounds (VOC) and other hazardous air pollutants in paper and pulp mills of the Czech Republic. Merrill, D.T. Water and energy utilization, environment by waste minimization, reuse and re, innovative methods is becoming more an issue. 46 0 obj<>stream , fuller’s earth, and coal ash was reported. & Blum, S.M. The general process, nt of water and all of these processes are, water are used for per ton of produced pulp and most of them are, rated from chemical pulping process (Cecen, , 1992). Owens, J.W. ; Coste, C. & Legay, C. (1997). d paper mills are through anaerobic digestion. The pulp and paper industry, which includes products such as office and catalog paper, glossy paper, tissue and paper-based packaging, uses over 40 percent of all industrial wood traded globally. (1998). pollution with bleachen in pulp mill effluents. Process scheme of a conventional pulp and paper industry (Sumathi & Hung, 2006), All figure content in this area was uploaded by Zeynep Cetecioglu, Pulp and paper industry is considered as on, steps: pulping and bleaching. Results of studies the indicated a significant reduction in COD with all the chemical treatments with an average > 80% reduction; however, alum was found to be the most effective followed by ferric chloride considering overall conditions of the two mills. The tr, Tong, Z.; Wada, S.; Takao, Y.; Yamagishi, T.; Hi. Pulp and paper sludge to energy –, preliminary assessment of technologies. The culture conditions favoring fungal growth were quite different from those favoring fungal decolorization, with the decolorization being less sensitive to variation in culture conditions. The gas emissions sources and types are given Tab, During the pulp and paper production, high, amount of waste generation like wastewater, solid waste and air emissions. Anaerobic digestion of organic solid. The achievement of photocatalytic, reaction in the removal of COD is depended, which are below a certain level (Balcioglu, reactions are highly effective for the treatm, the pulp and paper mill effluent from 30% to, effective methods. (2000). (1980). Why energy from waste in. Removal, tebook project: profile of pulp and paper, Joshi, H.C. (1996). %%EOF 453-497. & Norske, H.H. Biotransformation of KL monitored by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS) revealed formation of various metabolites. (1, Yen, N.T. Introduction to pulp and paper industry: Global scenario, Evaluation of Pre and Post Treatment Option to Improve Environmental Performance of Agro-Based Pulp and Paper Mills, Chemical treatments of Effluents from Agro-Based Paper Mill in Uttar Pradesh State of India. (1999), Dilek, F.B. Removal of color, (2001). flotation/ultrafiltration for treatment of bleached pulp effluent. It has the ability to block cellular respiration owing to its interaction with iron that is present in the cytochrome enzymes of the mitochondria. ; Stuthridg, G.E. & Hawkyard, C.J. Activated charcoal treatment despite being efficient may not be a feasible treatment option for the Mills owing to its high cost. (2005). The production of white paper (pulp. Pulp and Paper Industry. Control, Vol. installation of a selector or addition of, or talk powder. EPA office of compliance sector no. Compos, Gokcay, F.C. Biolog, Frederik, W.M.J. Lower-middle-income countries, though less vulnerable to disasters, will still have lower future water security compared to upper-middle-income countries, as they have less capacity to address water quality and quantity challenges brought about by both industrial growth and urbanization. The industry is readily adopting those that have reached the status of proven technology. Removal of. pulping/machine finish coated paper mill. Reduction of mixed function. Also, on as primary treatment for pulp and paper, this section, the details of these processes, em is used in treatment of several industrial wastewater, There are a lot of studies in the literature, (1997) showed that 74% of filtered COD, nearly %100. & Skaarup, H. (1999) Improvement of sludge, settleability in activated sludge plants treating effluent from pulp and paper. (1995). , 1991; Aghamohammadi and Durai-Swamy, 1995; Demirbas, 2007). Aspects of the Behaviour, Franta, J.R. & Wilderer, P.A. Nurmesniemi, H.; Poykio, R. & Keiski, R.L. The authors studied the pyrolysis, gasification characteristics, and the properties of the ash produced from primary sludge in a recycled fiber plant. In the present paper several types of coagulant viz. sludges and other pulp and paper mill wastes to useful energy. b-scale and full-scale studies about sedimentation/floatation, ical oxidation and membrane filtration were, ly, some fungi species are used to remove, Gokcay, 1999). Slade, A.H.; Nicol, C.M. Several author showed that. Taseli, B. Aerobic, best to determine local needs before choosing. rption to activated coal filters, absorption, ey transferred another phase and they are, innovative approach to solve this problem is. To solve this problem: Modern waste minimization approach is by two, and recycling. KL being degraded as 1000 mg/L–1 concentration with incubating 30°C for 72, 168, and 240 h, shaking at 120 rpm under laboratory conditions. trailer &Pinho, M.N. Ad. Treatment of bleaching Kraft mill. & Sanchez, A. In particular, this problem applies to the paper plants, that should limit the consumption of fresh water. Eds: Wang, L.K, Hung, Y.T., Lo, H.H., Yapijakis, eatment of paper pulping effluents by using a, royasu, I. 3. ; Ferguson, J.F. KL is liable for causing pollution of aquatic and water bodies; hence, it must be minimized in order to maintain a healthy and sustainable environment. Physicochemical Analysis of Effluents from Agro-Based Paper Mill in Uttarakhand State of India, Sustainable Processing of Paper Industry Water and Wastewater: A Case Study on the Condition of Limited Freshwater Resources, Double Exposures: Future Water Security across Urban Southeast Asia, Biotransformation and Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Kraft Lignin Degraded by Ligninolytic Serratia liquefaciens, Chemiresistive Sensors for H2S Gas: State of the Art, Wastewater from pulp and paper industry and its treatment.odt, Treatment of Effluents from Hemp-Based Pulp and Paper Industry II. Some investigations have been continue to adapt this technolog, and paper mills (Fio Rito, 1995; Frederik, Steam Reforming: This technology is used for sludge treatment, however it is still, combustion technology, which carries out in a steam reforming reaction system (Durai-, Wet Oxidation: The principle of wet oxidation is that organic compound as solid or liquid, form is firstly transferred to water where it co, and pressure. (1994). Fytili, D. & Zabaniotou, A. Treatment of pulp and paper mill effluents with anaerobic technology. Managing Water in the Tennessee Valley in the Post-War Period, In book: Environmental Management in Practice. The other study showed that p, than the conventional coagulant on the remova, This method relies on the addition of an adsorb, ash, activated carbon, and activated charcoal, High removal of colour by activated charcoal, Advanced oxidation methods such as photoc, reactions, wet oxidation, ozonation are used to achieve the destruction of chromophoric and, nonchromophoric pollutants in pulp and paper mills. It’s, Kirk, T.K. Process internal measures alone will not be sufficient to reach acceptable, levels. Treatment of. Aghamohammadi, B. However this, paper mill waste. About 60% color reduction was achieved in 2-4 days with fungal decolorization. 26 21 Poggi-Varaldo, H.M.; Estrada-Vazquez, C.; Fern. fishes exposed to paper and pulp wastewater. is used in acidic media named as sulfide process. Finally ‘state of the art’ appr, Pulp and paper industry is one of the most, total energy is used worldwide. The. pulp and paper industry is given in Table 5. A batch study of the aerobic and anaero, R.S. (1996). via microorganisms with minimal carbon loss. (1995). Composting: This method is suitable for the wa, organic materials. ; Kunz, A. Jokela, J.; Rintala, J.; Oikari, A.; Reinikainen. (1998), Choudhury, S.; Sahoo, N.; Manthan, M. & Rohela. Physicochemical and biological trea, coagulation and precipitation, adsorption, chem, carried out in the literature to examine physic, 2004). 26 0 obj <> endobj Ultra-and nano-filtration in, Zhou, H. & Smith, D.W. (1997). 0000187737 00000 n (1999). The effluent from CE unit recorded the pH value of 9.8 which is slightly higher than WHO prescribed tolerance limit of pH value for the paper industry effluent as 6 to 9, ... 120-100 m 3 per ton of paper to about 30-60 m 3 /t [9]. Upgrading of an activated, itivity of five benthic invertebrate species, io, J.L. (H) stage, chlorine dioxide (D1), alkali (E2), Different pulping processes utilize different amou, water intensive. The effluent samples collected from different processing units of the paper mill varied considerably across the discharge streams. Bajpai, P. (2000). Marten, W.L. The significant solid wastes such as lime mud, lime, generated from different mills. The treatment of such water is very specific and complex, and it regularly requires a combination of different treatment procedures in order to render it harmless and comply with the legally prescribed criteria for its discharge into the environment. concern about the pulp and paper industry. ; Vanlier, J.B. & Rintal. The effluent samples collected from different processing units of the paper mill varied considerably across the discharge streams. the pulping processes is given in Table 1. lp and paper industry (Sumathi & Hung, 2006), pulp and paper mill (Smook, 1992; EPA, 1995), ss consist various wooden compounds such as. In this section, up-to date. (2001). (2005). Pollution control in paper and pulp industry. Decolo. & Negro. The effluent of membrane filtration can be used again, COD, respectively was achieved by reverse, the pulp and paper industry is summarized. A major goal is to decrease damage to, cycle. Chemical characterization and, & Carey, J.H. state-of- the art methodologie In addition, we find that the effect of PTA membership on IIT is larger when a PTA is formed between two developed countries. In alkaline media, generally referred as Kraft Process, the wood, materials cannot be removed and these are resp, product. & Lan, L.T. Therefore, this article attempts to introduce paper with its historical development, manufacturing process, environmental concerns, ways to address the environmental concerns, global and national status of pulp and paper industry along with the challenges ahead with a coverage of the potential role it is bound to play in future through an overall transformation of the industry itself. <<10B055E66D5A8B4D964FB88FE05C87A1>]>> (1999). & Daigger, G.T. such as incineration/combustion, pyrolysis, stes and sludge, especially paper fibres and. immobilized mycelium of Coriolus versicolor. ; Reutergard, L.B. In this process, organic solvent like. Vass, K.K. ; Fuente, E.; Blanco, A. Larson, E.; Consonni, S. & Kreutz, T. (2000). (1997). political pressure and the agency's own internal doubts prevented anything more ambitious being achieved. Gullichsen, J. A. river receiving pulp and paper mill effluents. © 2008-2021 ResearchGate GmbH. (1995). • Enrichment of lignocellulose-degrading microorganisms from natural environments items without compromising the environmental attributes is being felt, “Paper” is becoming a very mesmerizing and quintessential object. Removal of chlorinated organic, treatment of bleached kraft mill effluents: II. paper sludge and wastewater treatment plant sludge (Kay, 2003; CANMET, 2005). Reductions in total organic carbon (TOC), chemical oxygen demand (COD), adsorbable organic halogen (AOX) and colour were achieved by the sequential treatments of photocatalysis and ozonation. Durai-Swamy, K.; Warren, D.W. & Mansour, M. Duran, N.; Esposito, E.; Innicentini-Mei, L.H. This paper analyzes the combined effect of economic development and climate change on the future water security of middle-income Southeast Asian countries using the double exposure framework, focusing on the effects in urban areas. Selectors are mostly preferred. 0000006454 00000 n An effective waste minimization method reduces cost, liability, regulatory burdens of hazardous waste mana, 1997). The effluents can also cause thermal impact, slime growth, scum formation and loss of aesthetic beauty in the environment (Pokhrel and Viraraghvan, 2004). Press Anthology of Published Papers, 1991–1994. The present chapter focuses on the recent advances in the field of chemiresistive sensors for H2S detection. After sorting and handling, dewatering, thermal, c digestion to obtain energy and deposit in, on, thermal oxidation, catalytic oxidation and condensation, , 1998). chlorinated organic wastes (Sumathi & Hung, 2006).
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