Reference Peters, Parry, Van Cleemput, Moore, Cooper and Walters2009). ... 'I'm mixed-race, is Cambridge right for me?' * Views captured on Cambridge Core between 15th October 2020 - 9th March 2021. 8 Irish Travellers and Teenage Pregnancy: A Feminist, Cultural, Relativist Analysis. The usual issues of alcohol and substance abuse have significant impacts for health and mental health including suicide in young Traveller men (Van Hout & Connor Reference Van Hout and Connor2008), but they cannot account solely for such an elevated SMR (AITHS, 2010). It provides a brief background to Irish Traveller ethnicity and then outlines the causes, extent and consequences of social marginalization, ethnic disqualification and criminalization in Britain’s Irish Traveller population. There is a substantial cultural taboo around suicide within the Travelling community, with such an event being perceived and experienced as a betrayal of the tribe, especially when deep spirituality is such a cornerstone of their cultural beliefs (Walker, Reference Walker2008) and yet it happens in significant numbers, bringing with it significant individual and community bereavement, with young peer grief in particular (Sweeney et al. 1. The Irish Travellers show many features in common with other indigenous ethnic minority (IEM) populations. The remainder concentrated on overall health status, including depression and anxiety, access to health services, injury and addiction. Hostname: page-component-54cdcc668b-gpwtm Evidence from the QNHS Equality Modules, Irish Human Rights and Equality Commission and Economic and Social Research Institute, The health care experiences of Travellers compared to the general population: the All-Ireland Traveller Health Study, Journal of Health Services Research Policy, Frequent mental distress (FMD) in Irish Travellers: discrimination and bereavement negatively influence mental health in the All Ireland Traveller Health Study, Global trends in teenage suicide: 2003–2014, QJM: An International Journal of Medicine, A comparative sociology of Gypsy Traveller health in the UK, Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement, Irish Travellers, ethnicity and the origins question, Irish Travellers: Culture and Ethnicity Belfast, Responsibility of medical journals in addressing racism in health care, Suicide amongst members of the travelling community, Critical Social Thinking: Policy and Practice, Racism as a determinant of health: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Mental Health and Suicide in the Traveller Community, Health and use of health services: a comparison between Gypsies and Travellers and other ethnic groups, Tracking progress in suicide prevention in Indigenous communities: a challenge for public health surveillance in Canada, Global incidence of suicide among Indigenous peoples: a systematic review, Experience of discrimination and engagement with mental health and other services by Travellers in Ireland: findings from the All Ireland Traveller Health Study (AITHS), A feminist exploration of Traveller women’s experiences of maternity care in the Republic of Ireland, Healthcare for Travellers: a one years’ experience, Communication and interpretation of emotional distress within the friendships of young Irish men prior to suicide: a qualitative study, Grief, tragic death, and multiple loss in the lives of Irish Traveller Community Health Workers, Health-related beliefs and experiences of Gypsies and Travellers: a qualitative study, Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, The Irish Traveller community: social capital and drug use, The normalisation of substance abuse among young Travellers in Ireland: implications for practice, Suicide amongst the Irish Traveller Community 2000–2006, Health status of Gypsies and Travellers in England, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/3/1/e002296.full, https://assets.gov.ie/18862/9a9cb0f00071438dbaf49370ce6062c4.pdf, https://assets.gov.ie/18859/d5237d611916463189ecc1f9ea83279d.pdf, www.britannica.com/topic/tribe-anthropology, https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/16/3/379/htm, https://data.oireachtas.ie/ie/oireachtas/committee/dail/32/joint_committee_on_justice_and_equality/reports/2017/2017-01-26_report-on-the-recognition-of-traveller-ethnicity-january-2017_en.pdf, https://raceequalityfoundation.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/health-brief3.pdf, https://wellcomeopenresearch.org/articles/2-27/v1, https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0138511, https://en.unesco.org/themes/science-society. Reference McGorrian, Frazer, Daly, Moore, Turner and Sweeney2012). Small numbers/sample size; lack of ‘probability’ sample; the majority are quota; limited data on sociodemographic status; recruitment bias with low male representativeness and the majority of studies are self-reporting. There is a lack of published suicide data on indigenous populations in low- and middle-income countries. Initially, studies were screened by title and abstract. Reference Van Cleemput and Parry2001; Parry et al. authors, date of publication), study methodology (e.g. Non-peer-reviewed publications such as policies and reports were not included in the narrative analysis. recruitment, measures used), participant characteristics and study results (e.g. Mícheál Ó hAodha (born 1969) is an Irish poet and nonfiction writer. In a knowledge vacuum, it behoves the scientific community to explain the value of scientific research and rigour to both policymakers as well as Travellers, shifting the existing discourse towards new knowledge and understanding around mental health and suicide in Travellers. The 2011 census recorded 57 680 Gypsies and Irish Travellers in England and Wales. Here, we present a rapid review of Traveller mental health and suicide, exploring the extent, type and nature of research to date, from a psycho–socio–anthropological perspective (as per the IJPM special edition brief). The Midsummer Market and Fair dates back to a charter granted by King John in 1211 and is one of the oldest fairs in England. Reference Abdalla, Kelleher, Quirke and Daly2013). Has data issue: true A group of tradesmen believed to be Irish gypsy travellers have reportedly gone to group after an alleged roofing work scam conned an elderly couple from the Gold Coast. Reference Carew, Cafferty, Long, Bellerose and Lyons2013). Reference Abdalla, Kelleher, Quirke and Daly2013). Reference McGorrian, Hamid, Fitzpatrick, Daly, Malone and Kelleher2013; Malone et al. Published 22 January 2019. It speeds up the systematic approach by omitting some stages, making it valuable but less rigourous. Fig. Irish Travellers and Romany Gypsy communities have travelled to and traded at the fair for hundreds of years. In a relative knowledge vacuum, it behoves the scientific community to explain the value of scientific rigour to both policymakers as well as Travellers, embracing psychological, social and anthropological domains, and shifting the existing discourse towards new knowledge and understanding of mental health and suicide in Travellers. Travellers were not included in a recent global systematic review of suicide in indigenous ethnic minorities (Pollock Reference Pollock, Naicker, Loro, Mulay and Colman2018b). "shouldUseHypothesis": true, The resulting narrative synthesis (Fig. This in-depth systematic review identified some of the difficulties germane to our work. Given the broad initial scope, including International Infectious Disease and Traveller health, ‘Irish’ was added as a prefix. The authors assert that ethical approval for publication of this rapid review was not required by their Local Ethics Committee. Although less nomadic on the island of Ireland than in the past, there is still much movement between the Republic of Ireland and the United Kingdom. Discrimination, educational disadvantage and social exclusion are increasingly prevalent in this community (Pavee Point, 2013), all of which have been implied as aggravating factors of poor mental health (O’Shea, Reference O’Shea2011). All studies report that this is a serious issue, but it is both under-researched and to date under-resourced, with formidable service delivery challenges in a hard-to-reach and economically marginalised community (Walker, Reference Walker2008; McGorrian et al. Five studies included all three (mental health, suicide and an anthropological perspective) (Table 1). This, in turn, may contribute to a post-modern suicide contagion impacted by over-identifying with the counterculture anti-hero image which may be ascribed to the deceased, and which may influence young adult (and adolescent) peers, in particular, becoming inscribed in the tribal code, sometimes referred to as ‘peer deviant affiliation’ (Gillies et al. 1. Romany Gypsies, Scottish, Welsh and … Due to the small sample size and considerable heterogeneity in study design, a meta-analysis was not used. Irish Travellers are an indigenous ethnic minority (IEM) with poor health outcomes. Travellers have been called by many derogatory names (such as pikey, knacker, tinker, itinerant), and so maybe settling on a neutral/generic naming of their community in English was an acceptable compromise to both Travellers and to the society around them. From 5160 scientific references over the past 20 years, 19 papers made reference to Traveller mental health, and only 5 papers made specific data-based reference to suicide in Travellers. On the other hand, the ED is configured to triage and prioritise the most ill, and may not understand the crisis-led life and death culture observed in Travellers, contributing to communication breakdown and mutual mistrust (Beach, Reference Beach2006; McGorrian et al. Similar to other international IEMs, until recently, Irish Travellers were excluded from being linked by an ethnic identifier to the national census. Some Travellers refer to themselves in their Shelta language as ‘Minceir’ or ‘Pavee’ (Ni Shuinear, Reference Ni Shuinear, McCann, Siochain and Ruane1994; Binchy, Reference Binchy, Ni and O’Riain1995; Helliner, Reference Helleiner2000). The dominant language of the Irish Traveller community, Shelta, features prominently in Guy Ritchie’s crime-comedy film Snatch (2000). Abstract. We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. The second AITHS paper focused on disparities in fatal and non-fatal injuries in the Traveller population compared with the general public. Published 9 October 2019. More than 150 travellers defy Ireland's social distancing rules to attend the funeral of two brothers in Cork as police look on. A rapid review of Irish Traveller mental health and suicide: a psychosocial and anthropological perspective. Reference McGorrian, Hamid, Fitzpatrick, Daly, Malone and Kelleher2013). This is a further opportunity where cultural competence can impact. A further search of ‘Irish Traveller in United Kingdom/UK’ was also included. Reference Van Orden, Witte, Cukrowicz, Braithwaite, Selby and Joiner2010; Hatcher & Stubbersfield, Reference Hatcher and Stubbersfield2013; Hatcher, Reference Hatcher2016). "metricsAbstractViews": false, As shown in Table 1, participant numbers ranged from 7 to 1947, with a large range in age group across studies, and the majority of studies ranging from teen to older adult. PADDY Doherty wept as thousands of travellers paid tribute to his nephew today in a huge funeral featuring a fleet of Rolls Royces and horse-and-trap races. Five studies included specific mention of suicide in their findings (Table 1), predominantly in the qualitative analysis versus quantitative; with one study looking at the in-depth experience of suicide in using science–arts methodology (Malone et al. Shelta (/ ˈ ʃ ɛ l t ə /; Irish: Seiltis) is a language spoken by Rilantu Mincéirí (Irish Travellers), particularly in Ireland and the United Kingdom. Some used a combination approach (such as agency introduction and health visitor) or incorporated a predevelopment phase to increase trust and participation with the study. Reference Malone, McGuinness, Cleary, Jefferies, Owens and Kelleher2017). Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings. The topic of suicide has appeared in some published reports conducted by local authorities or local community health services (more so in the UK), but the findings from these reports rarely subsequently appear in the scientific literature, and therefore don’t appear in literature searches. They are distinct in their culture, language, value system originating from their nomadic tradition (Gmelch & Gmelch, Reference Gmelch and Gmelch1976; Ni Shuinear, Reference Ni Shuinear, McCann, Siochain and Ruane1994). Reference Gray, Richer and Harper2016; Tobin et al. Becoming Conspicuous: Irish Travellers, Society and the State 1922–70. This data will be updated every 24 hours. The Highland Traveller community has a long history in Scotland going back, at least in record, to the 12th century as a form of employment and one of the first records of that name states a "James the Tinker" held land in the town of Perth from 1165-1214 and share a similar heritage, although are distinct from the Irish Travellers. Views of teenage parenting can be culturally situated, as explored in this chapter in the context of an indigenous minority population in the Republic of Ireland – Irish Travellers (‘Travellers’). systematic review (Pollock Reference Pollock, Healey, Jong, Valcour and Mulay2018a). The 23-year-old is an Irish Traveller. It was interesting to note we originally identified over 5000 references by searching the term ‘Traveller’, indicating that ‘Traveller’ is a very generic description of a nomadic people living with their own culture but being inextricably linked to Ireland, and being proud of being both different and Irish. (Elliott-Farrelly, Reference Elliott-Farrelly2004; Bellamy and Hardy, Reference Bellamy and Hardy2015, Chachamovich et al. The Cambridge History of the English Language, Internal and external factors in phonological convergence: the case of English /t/ lenition, Dialect Change: Convergence and Divergence in European Languages, The Secret Languages of Ireland: With Special Reference to the Origin and Nature of the Shelta Language, ‘Talkin’ Different’: Linguistic Diversity and the Irish Traveller Minority, International English: A Guide to the Varieties of Standard English, The variables of early New Zealand English, Metrical Incoherence: Diachronic Sources and Synchronic Analysis, Speeded production of inflected words in children and adults, The development of regular and irregular verb inflection in Spanish child language. Rapid review of peer-reviewed publications in the scientific literature: study selection. Irish Travellers (Irish: an lucht siúil, meaning "the walking people"), also known as Pavees or Mincéirs (Shelta: Mincéirí) are a nomadic indigenous ethnic group whose members maintain a set of traditions, and are one of several groups identified as "Travellers".They are predominantly English-speaking, though many also speak Shelta, a language of mixed English and Irish. Three studies in the United Kingdom looked at overall health status in Travellers compared to lower sociodemographic groups and other ethnic groups (including African Caribbean, Pakistani Muslim and White residents) (Van Cleemput et al. This paper draws together strands from the disciplines of psycho/socio/anthropological perspectives to gain deeper insights into mental health and suicide in Irish Travellers. This was a key recommendation from the original AITHS and remains pertinent today. In these circumstances, thwarted belongingness, perceived burdensomeness and accelerated social fragmentation could move suicide to the fore (Van Orden et al. Further Studies in the Lesser-Known Varieties of English, Check if you have access via personal or institutional login, Further Studies in the Lesser-Known Varieties of English, Mixed Languages: 15 Case Studies in Language Intertwining, Confusing origins and histories: the case of Irish Travellers, A Heritage Ahead: Cultural Action and Travellers, Canting with Cauley: A Glossary of Travellers’ Cant/Gammon, Complementary perspectives on hedging behaviour in family discourse, International Journal of Corpus Linguistics, Zur Geschichte und Gegenwart der Zigeuner und Landfahrer in Deutschland: Versuch einer subkulturellen Erklärung, The emergence of an ethnic group: the Irish Tinkers, The cryptolectal speech of the American roads: Traveler Cant and American Angloromani, Irish Traveler Cant in its social setting, Irish Travellers: Racism and the Politics of Culture, Irish English: History and Present-Day Forms. Our study has several limitations. (McGinnity et al. }, This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (, © The Author(s), 2020. "figures": false, Novel strategies for engaging Travellers in research about Traveller health, ranging from the FMD study method to the science–art Lived Lives community intervention project can enhance the impact and add value, community ownership and authenticity (McGorrian et al. An analysis of peer-reviewed scientific publications since the 1980s reveals our lack of knowledge around this most sensitive topic and foregrounds the likelihood of stigma contributing to this knowledge gap. (iii) Psychosocial anthropological perspectives on indices of mental health. Nevertheless, when identity and heritage are of such importance to indigenous ethnic minorities, a unique tribal name has added significance. Australian e-Journal for the Advancement of Mental Health, Developing the cultural competence of health professionals working with Gypsy Travellers, Journal of Psychological Issues in Organizational Culture, Expediting systematic reviews: methods and implications of rapid reviews, Ethnic differences in adolescent mental health problems: examining early risk factors and deviant peer affiliation, The emergence of an ethnic group: the Irish Tinkers, Crossing boundaries: identifying and meeting the mental health needs of Gypsies and Travellers, Individual and community-level determinants of Inuit youth mental wellness, Indigenous suicide: a global perspective with a New Zealand focus, Sense of belonging and suicide: a systematic review, Lived experience of vulnerability from a Gypsy Roma Traveller perspective. The term ‘Traveller’ is a generic translation from old Gaelic of how they were in older times – ‘an lucht siúil’, which directly translates to ‘the walking community’. Reference Tobin, Lambert and McCarthy2018; Millan & Smith, Reference Millan and Smith2019). For PubMed publications, searches were sorted by ‘best match’ rather than ‘most recent’ to optimise the search. Plan to tackle Gypsy/Traveller discrimination. Culturally competent services need to be developed in this regard. Once read, all articles were then screened for search words including ‘mental health’ ‘mental illness’, ‘suicide’, ‘depression’, ‘anxiety’, ‘stress’ and ‘nerves’. Jamie Johnson was given unprecedented access to the notoriously private Irish traveller commuity Members of the community from throughout the country and from across Europe come to … Edited by Jeffrey P. Williams, Edgar W. Schneider, Peter Trudgill, Daniel Schreier. Feature Flags: { More than 2,000 people arrived at … Such is the level of anxiety amongst Travellers that they themselves are known to organise community suicide watch rotas, whereby designated Travellers will take turns to call and check in each night and morning with any Traveller family members in the site who express or are known to have expressed suicidal ideation or tendencies. Should we use a capital letter to start ‘gypsy and/or traveller’? 2. Reference Chachamovich, Kirmayer, Haggarty, Cargo, McCormick and Turecki2015, Kral, Reference Kral2016; Pollock Reference Pollock, Healey, Jong, Valcour and Mulay2018a, Reference Pollock, Healey, Jong, Valcour and Mulay2018b).
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